Taking opioids for a long time or at higher doses can increase the risk of side effects. These can include:

• dizziness

• falls

• hormone changes

• constipation

• depression

• increased pain, known as opioid-induced hyperalgesia

Ask your loved ones to watch out for signs like confusion or unusual behavior that you might not notice yourself.

If side effects and risks become a problem, your healthcare provider may adjust your medication or explore other ways to relieve pain.

Talk to your provider about safety and naloxone, and make sure loved ones know how to spot an overdose. Signs of opioid overdose could include:

• difficulty breathing

• slow heart rate

• unresponsiveness

• pinpoint pupils

• blue or purple lips

• Am I at risk for an overdose? Should I have naloxone available in case of emergency?

• What are the signs of increased tolerance, dependence, and addiction or opioid use disorder?

• Can I take opioids with other medications and supplements? Can I drink alcohol while taking opioids?

• Where should I store my opioids? Where can I get rid of old medications?

Pain isn’t just physical. It can also be affected by stress, lifestyle, environment, and community and social support.

Opioids may not help every kind of pain. Acetaminophen or NSAIDs may work well for mild to moderate pain. For nerve pain, anti-seizure or antidepressant medicines may work better. Other options like physical therapy, acupuncture, massage, mindfulness, and mental health care can support healing and improve well-being.